When a message is reported as spam it is analyzed (automatically) and identifying features are found, if any new message matches these features (or most of them) then it is marked as spam as well. This means it doesn't matter how a spammer tries to disguise the unwanted messages they will almost always be identified again.
SurgeMail may add 'Aspam' headers to your message, this information is about the closest match it found, so don't be surprized that it includes things that do not exist in the actual message, you will notice the '-' before words which were not found in this particular message, but were in the originally reported spam.
This system works in parallel with SurgeMail's other features for detecting spam, including a very powerful rule set which identifies over 95% of spam. With both systems adding to the score errors in spam/non spam identification become extremely rare.
See here for technical/administrator information on Aspam and SurgeMail spam blocking
Rather than just identifying spam this system also identifies 'non spam' so if a message is rated incorrectly you can add it to the 'nonspam' rules so it will not be incorrectly identified in future.
This depends on your local administrator, on small mail server and business systems you will probably be able to forward/redirect a message to 'isspam@your.domain' or 'notspam@your.domain' and that will automatically do the job. If this is rejected then send the problem message to your mail administrator to submit.
Rules are only added if a well matching rule does not already exist.
The administrator also has access to a web page to submit messages.
Note: Aspam features require SurgeMail 1.7a or later.